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Positive voltage, screen grid accelerates the electrons, and "skip" the grid, they move to the anode even when the voltage is greatly reduced. Thus eliminating the second disadvantage of the transistor.
Screening (screen) grid is connected to the cathode through a capacitor, and therefore prevents the control grid of signal penetration of the anode circuit. On the screen grid is fed necessarily a positive voltage, which accelerates the electrons to the anode and improves the amplifying properties of the lamp.
But in a tetrode is a disadvantage at times when there is little stress on the plate, knocked him out of the secondary electrons rush to the screen grid.
Despite the fact that tetrodes have good reinforcement properties, they are not widely known because of one very unpleasant phenomenon - dynatron effect. The essence of this phenomenon is that the electrons flying toward the anode, striking at him, beat out of metal other so-called secondary electrons. In those moments, when the voltage on the anode is small, the secondary electrons flying out from the anode, immediately fall "under the influence" of the positive voltage on the screen grid and moving quickly toward her. As a result of this, the screen and decreases the anode current of the lamp, which violates the normal operation of the cascade.
To combat the effect dynatron near the anode have one more, on account of the fifth, the electrode - the so-called pentode (suppressor) grid, and thus receive a pentode - Pentode. When mounting the receiver or amplifier pentode grid is always connected to the cathode tube, and in many types of lamps such connection is made inside the container. Thanks to this grid pentode operating voltage, negative with respect to the anode If the anode "plus" with respect to the cathode, it means that at the cathode, and hence on the pentode grid - a "minus" with respect to the anode. This means that the pentode grid pushes back to the anode of the secondary electrons and prevents the emergence dynatron effect. |