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Amplifying devices, which include and are light and the transistor, in the process of amplification of the signals play the same role as in the manufacture of photo enlarger.
With the lamp or a weak electrical signal to the transistor controls the movement of charges - the shock of a powerful source of electrical energy - just as with the pilot steering mechanism controls the movement of heavy multiengine aircraft. And just as the aircraft follows all the twists and turns the rudders and the electric current at the output of the amplifying device should control all the changes (increases) the signal. Creating a "powerful copy" is equivalent small-signal gain, and therefore a transistor and vacuum tube devices called their managers.
Of the several types available today transistors most widely used junction germanium transistors of the p-p-p. The basis of such a transistor is a germanium crystal in which there are a number of free electrons. In two places in this crystal are embedded tiny pieces of metal indium. In areas of contact with the indium in the crystal germanium a certain number of free positive charges. Thus, the transistor on the edges of the band formed two bands n p, and hence the two pn junction, and so the transistor of the p-p-p can be viewed as two planar diode with a total area of n. In the planar diode, as well as transistors, pn transition is created by embedding indium, germanium.
One of the pieces of the indium from the adjacent zone of P is called "emitter" ("throws the charges"), the other "collector" ("collecting charges"), and the germanium crystal (zone "t>) is called the base (sometimes the base) transistor.
Housing transistors usually have a metal or plastic. From the body through tiny glass or ceramic insulators out three thin wires: findings collector, emitter and base. |